st 112 assignment
1.
Why studying statistics.
IMPORTANCE
OF STUDYING STATISTICS
Helps in analyzing, interpreting and prediction of a
certain phenomenon or given information at a specific time and a given place
for example data on children birth rate in 2000 at Nkasi district.
Helps in comparison of economic progress of different
countries for example the economic growth rate between Tanzania and Uganda can
be compared.
Statistical data helps to determine consumer trends
and calculate important economic and business data that helps in planning and
policy formulation to businessmen and economist.
It helps in business decision making in order to have
proper purchases, production and sales that minimizes loss and acquire more
profit.
It helps to constitutes the science of decision making
in the face of uncertainty
Statistics provide tools that you need in order to
react intelligently to information you hear or read
Also plays part in measuring the rate of Inflation
Statistics is also important in studying population
2.
Differentiate the
following
(a) Categorical
data
Is the type of data which can be divided into groups,
example age, sex, education level. : Categorical data represent
characteristics such as a person’s gender, marital status, hometown, or the
types of movies they like. Categorical data can take on numerical values (such
as “1” indicating male and “2” indicating female), but those numbers don’t have
mathematical meaning. You couldn’t add them together, for example
While,
Non
Categorical data
Is the type of data that may not be divided into
groups for example gender
(b) Quantitative
data
Are data which measured in terms of quantity or in
numerical forms.
While,
Qualitative
data
Refers to the data presented in descriptive form and
can’t be measured but can be observed. Example Behavior,
Attitude
(c) Quantitative
Variables
Are variables measured on numerical scales, Example
Height, Weight, Temperature, score in examination.
While,
Qualitative
Variable
Are variables with no natural sense of ordering, they
are therefore measured on a nominal Scale. Example Hair, Color (Black, Brown,
Gray, Red)
(d) Discrete
Variables
Is the one with a well define finite set of possible
values, example the number of dimes in purse, a statement which is “true” or
“false”. Discrete data represent items that can be counted; they take on
possible values that can be listed out. The list of possible values may be
fixed (also called finite); or it may go from 0, 1, 2, on to infinity
(making it countable infinite). For example, the number of heads in 100
coin flips takes on values from 0 through 100 (finite case), but the number of
flips needed to get 100 heads takes on values from 100 (the fastest scenario)
on up to infinity (if you never get to that 100th heads). Its possible values
are listed as 100, 101, 102, 103, ……… (Representing the countable infinite
case).
While,
Continuous
Variable
Is the one which takes on a value between any other
two variables, Such as Indoor temperature, Water consumed, Color-wave-length,
For example, the exact amount of gas purchased at the pump for cars with
20-gallon tanks would be continuous data from 0 gallons to 20 gallons,
represented by the interval [0, 20], inclusive. You might pump 8.40 gallons, or
8.41, or 8.414863 gallons, or any possible number from 0 to 20. In this way,
continuous data can be thought of as being unaccountably infinite. For ease of
recordkeeping, statisticians usually pick some point in the number to round
off.
(e) Primary data
Constitutes first-hand information and are normally
gathered and assembled specifically for the project at hand. They are obtained
through interviewing a number of persons making direct observation,
questionnaires
While,
Secondary
data
Secondary data are the Second hand informations. The
data which have already been collected and processed by some agency or persons
and are not used for the first time are termed as secondary data. According to
M. M. Blair, “Secondary data are those already in existence and which have been
collected for some other purpose.” Secondary data may be abstracted from
existing records, published sources or unpublished sources.
(f) Complete
enumeration.
All members of population are measured for example
population censuses.
While
Survey
Are portion of population measured for example number
of workers.
(g) Descriptive
It gives the summary value of the phenomenon or data
for example mean, median and mode.
While
Inferential
statistics.
Is the branch of statistics that use the summary value
from sample to generalize, It record the continuous data for example data about
temperature.
(h) Biostatistics
Refers to the statistics applied to health issues.
While
Statistics
Is the process of collecting, analyzing, summarizing
and interpreting data.
(i) Parametric
method
Refers to the method that use distribution assumptions
While
Non-parametric
method
Is the method that do not requires to make
distribution assumption about data set.
(j) Sampling
method
Is the method of data collection which use a small
portion population to present the whole population.
While
Non-sampling
method
Is the method of data collection that has no representative
that is the whole population is involved, for example population censuses.
3.
(a)Statistics
Refers to the process of collecting, analyzing, summarizing and interpreting data
or information at a specific period of time and a given place
(b)
Important of statistics in planning
It helps in decision making and policy formulation for
example family planning.
It helps in facilitate in national budget planning.
It helps in efficiency allocation of resources.
Helps to get solution about a certain phenomenon.
(c)
Importance of statistics in economics and business
Statistics help in policy formulation and economic
planning that encourage economic development for example national budget.
Helps in analyzing, interpreting and prediction of a
certain phenomenon or given information at a specific time and a given place
for example data on children birth rate in 2000 at Manyoni district.
Helps in comparison of economic progress of different
countries for example the economic growth rate between Tanzania and Uganda can
be compared.
Statistical data helps to determine consumer trends
and calculate important economic and business data that helps in planning and
policy formulation to businessmen and economist.
It helps in business decision making in order to have
proper purchases, production and sales that minimizes loss and acquire more
profit.
Statistics enables economist and businessmen properly
and more efficiently allocation of resources.
(d)
Different between statistics and statistic
Statistics Refers to the process of collecting,
analyzing, summarizing and interpreting data or information at a specific
period of time and a given place
While
Statistic is the single measure of some attributes of
the sample for example arithmetic measure value.
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